1988 (D) Lincoln Memorial Cent - Doubled Die Obverse WDDO-001

Description

Attributed by the Wexler Team as 1988-D 1¢ WDDO-001, this doubled die obverse displays Class II hub doubling — a spread towards the center of the die — visible on the date numerals and slightly on IN GOD WE TRUST. Class II doubling occurs when the working hub rotates slightly between impressions during the die-sinking process, causing design elements to shift inward toward the center of the die, with the magnitude of displacement increasing with distance from the pivot point. This mechanical relationship explains why the date, positioned farther from center, shows more pronounced doubling than the closer IN GOD WE TRUST inscription. Obverse die markers include a die scratch running north-northeast from the TY in LIBERTY and two die gouges to the left of the upper head, south of the G in GOD. On the reverse, a die gouge appears near the rim between the second A in AMERICA and the designer's initials. Cross-referenced as Crawford CDDO-002 and Coppercoins 1988D-1DO-001, this variety benefits from triple attribution across the Wexler, Crawford, and Coppercoins reference systems, providing collectors with multiple confirmation pathways. Struck at the Denver Mint on copper-plated zinc planchets (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper) at 2.5 grams and 19mm.

Cross References

• Crawford: CDDO-002, Coppercoins: 1988D-1DO-001; Wexler Variety ID: 1988-D 1¢ WDDO-001

External References