1991-D Doubled Die Reverse WDDR-001

Description

The most extensively documented doubled die for the 1991-D Lincoln Memorial cent, WDDR-001 exhibits a rare dual-class doubling mechanism — combining Class IV offset hub doubling with Class I rotated hub doubling on a single die. This dual classification, confirmed through overlay analysis by Billy G. Crawford (cataloged as Crawford CDDR-001), indicates that the die received two distinct misaligned hubbing impressions: one shifted laterally (Class IV) and one rotated around a pivot point (Class I). The doubling manifests as extra columns visible in bays 2, 3, 9, 10, and 11 of the Lincoln Memorial, plus an additional column to the left of the first column, creating a dramatic architectural distortion across nearly the entire building facade. Doubling is also visible below the Memorial and north of the ON in ONE. This variety is cross-referenced as Cherrypickers FS-01-1991D-801 in the Fivaz-Stanton attribution guide, acknowledging its significance as the premier doubled die reverse for the date. The dual-class mechanism makes WDDR-001 particularly valuable for study because it demonstrates how two separate hubbing errors can compound on a single die, producing doubling characteristics more complex than either class alone would generate. Struck at Denver on copper-plated zinc planchets composed of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, weighing 2.5 grams and measuring 19mm.

Attribution History

• Discovered by Joseph Koelling Cross References: Cherrypickers: FS-01-1991D-801, Crawford: CDDR-001 Comments: The initial impression from the hub was apparently offset (Class IV) and slightly rotated (Class I) with respect to the latter hubbing(s). The extra columns on the left are clearly tilted with respect to the normal columns as is the doubling below the left side of the Memorial. Extra columns can be found in the 2nd and 3rd Memorial bays and to the left of the 1st Memorial column. Doubling of the bottom of the Memorial can be found below the left side of the Memorial above the O and N of ONE. Strong extra columns can be seen in the last three Memorial bays. This image courtesy of Billy G. Crawford indicates with arrows some of the doubled areas on the left side of the Memorial. This overlay courtesy of Billy G. Crawford clearly shows how the doubled images in the previous photos line up with an impression from the hub that was offset and rotated. Here we have a closer view of the extra columns on the 2nd and 3rd bays. This is a closer view of the strong doubling below the left side of the Memorial. This is the extra column to the left of the 1st Memorial column. Here we have a closer view of the extra columns in the last three bays.
• Cherrypickers: FS-01-1991D-801, Crawford: CDDR-001 Comments: The initial impression from the hub was apparently offset (Class IV) and slightly rotated (Class I) with respect to the latter hubbing(s). The extra columns on the left are clearly tilted with respect to the normal columns as is the doubling below the left side of the Memorial. Extra columns can be found in the 2nd and 3rd Memorial bays and to the left of the 1st Memorial column. Doubling of the bottom of the Memorial can be found below the left side of the Memorial above the O and N of ONE. Strong extra columns can be seen in the last three Memorial bays. This image courtesy of Billy G. Crawford indicates with arrows some of the doubled areas on the left side of the Memorial. This overlay courtesy of Billy G. Crawford clearly shows how the doubled images in the previous photos line up with an impression from the hub that was offset and rotated. Here we have a closer view of the extra columns on the 2nd and 3rd bays. This is a closer view of the strong doubling below the left side of the Memorial. This is the extra column to the left of the 1st Memorial column. Here we have a closer view of the extra columns in the last three bays.; Wexler Variety ID: 1991-D 1¢ WDDR-001
• Expert attribution by Wexler Team

External References