1853 Gold Half Dollar - BG-302, "Peacock"

Coin Details

Auction Record

$14,400 MS66 06-17-2018 Heritage Auctions

Description

Cataloged as BG-302 in the Breen-Gillio reference, this 1853 octagonal California gold half dollar measures approximately 13 to 14 millimeters in diameter — roughly the size of a modern dime. Produced during the early California Gold Rush era, this diminutive coin served as genuine small-denomination money in San Francisco and the surrounding mining regions, where the scarcity of federal small coinage created strong demand for locally produced gold pieces. This variety is known among collectors as the “Peacock” type, a name derived from the distinctive appearance of its Liberty Head design, where the arrangement of hair curls and coronet creates a profile reminiscent of a peacock’s display. The Peacock designation helps specialists distinguish this die variety from the many other Liberty Head types in the series. The octagonal format of this piece departs from the conventional circular planchet shape familiar from regular federal coinage, creating a distinctive eight-sided coin at a dramatically reduced scale. California fractional gold coins emerged from a genuine economic need during the Gold Rush of the 1850s. With the nearest federal mint (Philadelphia) thousands of miles away and no reliable supply of small-denomination coinage reaching the Pacific Coast, San Francisco jewelers and coiners stepped in to produce these tiny gold pieces. A gold half dollar could purchase everyday necessities in the mining camps and frontier towns of Northern California, making these coins practical instruments of daily commerce rather than mere novelties.

Rarity Notes

Scarce. As a Period One issue, this variety was struck for genuine commerce during the Gold Rush era, and fewer specimens have survived compared to the more plentiful Period Two souvenir pieces. The “Peacock” variety is a well-known and popular type among California fractional gold specialists.

Cross References

BG-302; Breen-Gillio catalog; PCGS #10422; NGC #501302; California Fractional Gold Half Dollar; Octagonal; Period One (1852–1858); Peacock type